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	<title>Germany Destination News</title>
	<link>http://germany-destination.com/news</link>
	<description></description>
	<pubDate>Fri, 25 Apr 2008 16:50:13 +0000</pubDate>
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		<title>Germany Hotels Are Among The Finest Accommodation In The World</title>
		<link>http://germany-destination.com/news/2008/02/07/germany-hotels-are-among-the-finest-accommodation-in-the-world/</link>
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		<pubDate>Thu, 07 Feb 2008 11:24:30 +0000</pubDate>
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	<category>articles</category>
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		<description><![CDATA[World class service and state of the art facilities to savor Germany Hotels offer the best to their guests. One of best know countries in the world, Germany is an excellent holiday destination. Breathtaking architectural buildings, lively ambience and exciting places to visit&#8230; it offers great attractions, fun and delights to its visitors and tourists. [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div id="body">World class service and state of the art facilities to savor Germany Hotels offer the best to their guests. One of best know countries in the world, Germany is an excellent holiday destination. Breathtaking architectural buildings, lively ambience and exciting places to visit&#8230; it offers great attractions, fun and delights to its visitors and tourists. But as modern the country is the cultural life of Germany remains very well intact. Its quaint villages and beautiful vineyards are truly bewitching. Besides going to places of interest and visiting stunning ancient castles, the nightlife of the place and lifestyle of the people is equally electrifying. Added to this are among the finest accommodation in the world that makes one&#8217;s holidays and vacations an unforgettable experience.</p>
<p>As a holiday destination, Germany can be visited through out the year. But most generally during the months of May and September, it receives maximum tourists and visitors. During this is the time of the year, it basks in the balmy rays of sun and is in full vigor of life. One of the best of the best places to hit in Germany, are its exquisite Beer Gardens and coffee bars where you may cozily sit back and relax. What makes the ambience of the region all-the-more peppy are the f regional fairs and festivals. If you are an adventure freak then there is ample opportunity for you to indulge in cycling, hiking, swimming and trekking among others. All this and much more throughout the summers but on the flipside, the place may also be crowded which might just get on your nerves. But if you are looking for some space to yourself then the ideal time to hit Germany is during winter season. During winters rather than opting for Cheap Hotels you will find good enough accommodation at much cheaper rates.</p>
<p>Germany is beautiful throughout but to make matters easier for you, below are listed some of the best known places to visit in the region:</p>
<p><strong>Black Forest</strong></p>
<p>Also known as the Schwarzwald, the region of Black Forest is high on natural splendors. Dotted with valleys, hills, cascading river streams, lakes, lush woodland and much more, Black Forest is just the places for you if serenity is what you are looking for. If you move towards the less crowded areas that in the deeper region you will be delighted to find a very traditional setting of farmhouses and grazing dairy cows.</p>
<p><strong>Romantic Road</strong></p>
<p>Stretching from the Würzburg to Füssen, Romantic Road is among the most famous places of interest in Germany. High on ancient beauty, the Road is Germany is a very enticing and bewitching. While touring around the Romantic Road, one would come across many stunning towns to one&#8217;s delight. The path of the Road paves way through the appealing Tauber Valley, the Nördlinger Ries located amid the giant crater, the scenic Lechfeld plain, Pfaffenwinkel (Parsons&#8217; Corner) a land of priests, farmers- which finally ends up at King Ludwig&#8217;s well famed fairytale castles.</p>
<p>Germany Hotels ranges from five-star luxury ones to reasonably-priced ones. Besides excellent lodging experience, they also offer great entertainment options to indulge in. To experience their primeval lifestyle one can also check into the hotels located within age-old palaces and castles. And mind not to underestimate the hospitality of Cheap Hotels in Germany <a target="_NEW" id="link_82" href="http://www.stayresgermany.com/cheap-hotels-in-germany.html" />they are not only good but they save a lot of money so.</div>
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		<title>The World Leaders - The World Loves - The Chancellor of Germany - Angela Merkel</title>
		<link>http://germany-destination.com/news/2008/02/07/the-world-leaders-the-world-loves-the-chancellor-of-germany-angela-merkel/</link>
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		<pubDate>Thu, 07 Feb 2008 11:20:58 +0000</pubDate>
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	<category>articles</category>
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		<description><![CDATA[&#8220;Angela Merkel.&#8221; The words on the lips of every diplomat in the fashionable cocktail circuits from Tokyo to Washington.
The words are pronounced in awe of the lady, in admiration of the pragmatic acumen of the lady, in adoration of her political stance and she is held in high esteem indeed.
One instance of her political acumen [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div id="body">&#8220;Angela Merkel.&#8221; The words on the lips of every diplomat in the fashionable cocktail circuits from Tokyo to Washington.</p>
<p>The words are pronounced in awe of the lady, in admiration of the pragmatic acumen of the lady, in adoration of her political stance and she is held in high esteem indeed.</p>
<p>One instance of her political acumen and straight forwardness in action.</p>
<p>She visited China and had talks with President Hu Jintao in Peiking.</p>
<p>And she did not hesitate to offer official reception to Dalai Lama knowing it would anger China extremely. She stood by her principles.</p>
<p>And China, cancelled scheduled bilateral conferences with Germany.</p>
<p>Towards Israel, that troubled land: she openly declared :</p>
<p>&#8220;. . . feel a moral duty to protect Israel and would stand firm in the face of Iran&#8217;s nuclear ambitions and its threats to wipe the Jewish state off the map;&#8221;</p>
<p>&#8221; . . . feel honor-bound to fight racism and to foster close ties between Germans and the Jewish community;&#8221;</p>
<p>She boldly accepted the most obvious historical fact which former Chancellors, almost always, side tracked:</p>
<p>&#8220;It took more than 40 years for Germany as a whole to accept the responsibility it carries to ensure the safety of Israel,&#8221; she added.</p>
<p>And went to declare: &#8220;Only by accepting Germany&#8217;s past can we lay the foundation for the future. Only in as far as we acknowledge our responsibility for the moral catastrophe of Germany&#8217;s history can we build a humane future.&#8221;</p>
<p>Isn&#8217;t that facing troublesome problems in the face?</p>
<p>No wonder she is admired by all and some wish they have had the spunk to say her words in the first place.</p>
<p>She does not skip away having declared her moral stand on a given problem, be it Israel or Iran.</p>
<p>This is not &#8216;lip service&#8217; but gritty, firm stand on principles on the international political arena.</p>
<p>Her recent talks with Presidents Sarkozy and Bush show her determination.</p>
<p>Angela Dorothea Merkel, nee Kasner, was born on 17 July 1954, in Hamburg, Germany. More details of her are found in the link given in the Resource Box below.</p>
<p>Angela Merkel is the most powerful woman in the world at present.</p>
<p>She is only the third woman to serve on the G8 after Margaret Thatcher, the former Prime Minister of Great Britain and Kim Campbell, Progressive Conservative Prime Minister of Canada (1993).</p>
<p>And in 2007 became the second woman to chair a G8 summit after Margaret Thatcher.</p>
<p>Her father, Horst Kasner, is a Lutheran pastor. And her mother, Herlind, a Teacher of English and Latin. Her mother is also a member of the Social Democratic Party of Germany.</p>
<p>She has a brother, Marcus, and a sister, Irene.</p>
<p>Angela grew up in the countryside 80 km north of Berlin, in the former East Germany, German Democratic Republic (GDR).</p>
<p>A former senior member of Merkel&#8217;s Christian Democratic Union states in his book: &#8216;Angela&#8217;s family travelled freely from East to West Germany, as well as possessed two automobiles.&#8217;</p>
<p>This leads to the conclusion that Angela&#8217;s father has had a &#8217;sympathetic&#8217; ear of the former communist regime.</p>
<p>Like most pupils, of that time, Angela, was a member of the official, socialist-led youth movement Free German Youth (FDJ).</p>
<p>Her innate talents wouldn&#8217;t restrain her.</p>
<p>All in good order, she became a member of the district board and secretary of the movement, at the Academy of Sciences in that organisation.</p>
<p>Angela was educated at the University of Leipzig, where she studied physics.</p>
<p>Later she continued her studies and worked at the Central Institute for Physical Chemistry of the Academy of Sciences, where she was awarded her doctorate based on a thesis on quantum chemistry.</p>
<p>Here she met and married the chemistry professor Ulrich Merkel. Five years later they divorced but she carries his name to date.</p>
<p>Although she married, Joachim Sauer, quantum chemist and full professor at Berlin&#8217;s Humboldt University , six years later, he prefers to persue his own interests than follow his spouse around in her campaigns or celebrations.</p>
<p>In fact it is said: Professor Sauer has a 14-hour workday; he just has a very tight schedule.&#8221; Nor, however, &#8220;does he want to carry her handbag.&#8221; She has no children, but Sauer has two adult sons.</p>
<p>Unlike other head-of-state spouses Sauer is rarely seen at his wife&#8217;s side as she carries out her duties as the world&#8217;s most powerful woman.</p>
<p>Her irrepressible humane feelings and talent of organizing got her involved in the growing democracy movement after the fall of the Berlin Wall.</p>
<p>She joined a the new party Demokratischer Aufbruch. None of the old ones were good enough for her.</p>
<p>Following the first (and only) democratic election of the East German state, she became the deputy spokesperson of the new pre-unification caretaker government.</p>
<p>That&#8217;s a quantum leap for a rookie politician. A writing on the wall for things to come.</p>
<p>In the first election after the reunification of both East and West Germany she was elected to the Bundestag. She has steadfastly remained the constituency&#8217;s elected member until today. As other wily politicians she did not change over, with success, to a more comfortable constituency.</p>
<p>Immediately after her east geman party merged with the west German CDU she was made the Minister for Women and Youth in Helmut Kohl&#8217;s cabinet. Then she was made Minister for the Environment and Reactor Safety.</p>
<p>Dizzy heights indeed. This ministry gave the protegee of Chancellor Helmut Kohl greater political visibility. Kohl gave her a pet name: &#8220;das Mädchen&#8221; (&#8221;the girl&#8221;).</p>
<p>Now comes her faster spin onto greater political heights that carried her to the zenith of Germany&#8217;s government.</p>
<p>Her spin up could be followed in greater detail through the 2nd link in Resource Box down.</p>
<p>Angela was named as Secretary-General of her party, CDU, when it was defeated in the 1998 elections. Not a placating appointment, after a defeat, to say the least.</p>
<p>But in the next year itself her mettle was messaged.</p>
<p>The defeated CDU, guided by her, won election victories in six out of seven regional elections. Thus she broke the strangle hold of the SPD-Green on the Bundesrat, the legislative body representing the states.</p>
<p>There followed the infamous party financing scandal that compromised many leading figures. Helmut Khol himself was broiled in the affair.</p>
<p>Angela did not sit back and mope in an apathetic gloom. She jumped into the fray.</p>
<p>She criticized her former mentor,Helmut Kohl. A bold move. She advocated a fresh start for the party without him.</p>
<p>She was elected to replace the chairman, becoming the first female chair of her party.</p>
<p>She won against great odds.</p>
<p>She a female by gender, Protestant by religion, comes from predominanatly protestant northern germany, was selected to lead a political party diametrically opposed to her in its construction.</p>
<p>Her party, CDU, is a male-dominated, socially conservative, with deep Catholic roots, and strongholds in western and southern Germany.</p>
<p>However, her meteoric rise to fame took a severe blow when her own party and coalition partners were out-manoeuvred politically by CSU leader Edmund Stoiber.</p>
<p>He had the privilege of challenging Schröder for the Chancellorship. He squandered a large lead in the opinion polls to lose the election by a razor-thin margin.</p>
<p>Now Angela becomes the leader of the conservative opposition in the lower house of the German parliament, the Bundestag.</p>
<p>She began to support substantial reform strategy for economic and social system. She was considered pro-market, pro-management, pro-nuclear, pro-american than her own party. A novel stand to take indeed.</p>
<p>Angela advocated removing barriers to laying off employees and increasing the number of working hours in a week. In her view existing laws made the country less competitive because companies cannot control labour costs when business is low.</p>
<p>She favoured Germany&#8217;s nuclear power to be phased much slower than previous administration had planned.</p>
<p>She preferred a stronger transatlantic partnership and German-American friendship.</p>
<p>She did not hesitate to defy strong public opposition to come out in favour of the U.S. invasion of Iraq. She justified it as &#8220;unavoidable&#8221; and accused Chancellor Gerhard Schröder of anti-Americanism.</p>
<p>She became the mother of &#8217;skeptical friendship&#8217; when she said: We need the united states, we must work with them but not going to be their lap dog.</p>
<p>She made it very clear, in a straight forward manner: America remains a great ally of Germany but that doesn&#8217;t mean we favour Guantanamo Bay, renditions, torture, etc.</p>
<p>In the Turkish Membership in the European Union she criticised the government and favoured a &#8220;privileged partnership&#8221; instead.</p>
<p>By these unpopular, but pragmatic steps, she was branded as a &#8216;right-winger&#8217; and an &#8216;american lackey&#8217;. But she weathered the storm and won in the end.</p>
<p>Besides, as a female politician from a centre right party, and a scientist she was compared by many to former British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher and referred her as &#8220;Iron Lady&#8221;, &#8220;Iron Girl&#8221; and even &#8220;The Iron Frau&#8221;.</p>
<p>Thatcher too had a degree in chemistry.</p>
<p>Angela has many firsts to her credit :</p>
<p>1&#8230; the first female German chancellor</p>
<p>2&#8230; youngest chancellor ever</p>
<p>3&#8230; the first from East Germany</p>
<p>4&#8230; the first born after World War II</p>
<p>5&#8230; and the first with natural sciences.</p>
<p>It was not all plain sailing to chancellorship. She endured her share of distress and disturbances.</p>
<p>Her quality of resilience in the face of defeat is admirable.</p>
<p>She is not at all flamboyant, not showy, not obtrusive, but always gets the job done diplomatically behind closed doors.</p>
<p>It is said that she always writes when others are speaking. A meticulous note taker would, naturally, be short on &#8217;small talk&#8217;.</p>
<p>And the victim of malicious rumours started by &#8216;empty heads&#8217; who tend to talk rather than act.</p>
<p>Economic competence was her central theme in the 2005 national elections. But she confused &#8216;gross&#8217; and &#8216;net&#8217; income twice during a televised debate.</p>
<p>She took severe haranguing from the german media for this hiccup of a scientist in an economic field.</p>
<p>But she swung back and regained popularity, when she announced that she would appoint Paul Kirchhof, as Minister of Finance.</p>
<p>Kirchhof was a leading fiscal policy expert. In addition, he was a respected, former judge at the German Constitutional Court. Selection by Merit won her day.</p>
<p>Angela Merkel speaks fluently in three languages. A gift most national leaders of the world lack. She is fluent in German, her mother toungue, English and Russian.</p>
<p>In her office Merkel has a picture of the German-born Russian Empress Catherine the Great, who is described by Merkel as &#8220;a strong woman&#8221;.</p>
<p>Three of her famous quotes indicate her mind set :</p>
<p>&#8220;The question is not whether we are able to change but whether we are changing fast enough.&#8221;</p>
<p>&#8220;Whoever decides to dedicate their life to politics knows that earning money isn&#8217;t the top priority.&#8221;</p>
<p>And the third says it all: &#8220;We must never forget our responsibilities as politicians to our country and its citizens. We must always remain humble before our people.&#8221;</p>
<p>On the innovative side too she is second to none. Merkel launched her video podcast via the Bundeskanzlerin website, making her the first head of government to launch a regular video podcast.</p>
<p>In her field of chemistry and physics she has authored and co-authored many books. And they are highly regarded by her peers.</p>
<p>Her sparkling meteoric rise is one side of the coin.</p>
<p>Some consider her an opportunist who shed her reform programs the minute they were no longer expedient for keeping her in power.</p>
<p>However there are others that speculate she is a brilliant tactician &#8230; given the straitjacket imposed by her coalition, she is using her new green and left-of-center politics to expand support among middle-of-the-road voters in order to crush the Social Democrats in the 2009 election.</p>
<p>She rose in ranks at a terrific pace. As minister for women&#8217;s affairs, minister of the environment, general secretary, party leader, parliamentary group leader, and many more.</p>
<p>She was quick on the up take and picked up the power that other men, before her, like former chancellor Helmut Kohl and former general secretary Wolfgang Schaeuble, left behind.</p>
<p>At school, it is said in jest, she stood on a diving board, waiting to jump. She stood for a long time. And she took the plunge when the lesson was almost over.</p>
<p>A minister resigned and he went over to Angela for a discussion.</p>
<p>She asked him, &#8220;What&#8217;s bothering you?&#8221;</p>
<p>The minster walked out saying: &#8220;It&#8217;s impossible to talk to you sensibly.&#8221; The conversation lasted one minute.</p>
<p>German industry is growing at double-digit rates now. Some unsocialist economic reforms are the cause.</p>
<p>One million Germans found employment. The jobless rate was cut in two years from its all-time high of 12 percent to less than 9 percent today.</p>
<p>Those over 50 years who had little chance of ever landing a job too are now finding employment.</p>
<p>Germany is once again turning into a nation of growth in Europe.</p>
<p>France under Nicolas Sarkozy and Germany with Angela Merkel have moved closer to US since the Iraq invasion.</p>
<p>The curious thing of the whole thing is that the big three of Europe are reaching a positive position of similarity. Thanks to the unstinting chipping from behind the scene by the unobtrusive architect named: Angela Merkel.</p>
<p>She is pragmatic and cannot help being curt with feet draggers. It is the quality in any strong minded fast moving person.</p>
<p>And Angela is all that.</div>
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		<title>Getting Married in Germany - Things You Should Know</title>
		<link>http://germany-destination.com/news/2008/02/07/getting-married-in-germany-things-you-should-know/</link>
		<comments>http://germany-destination.com/news/2008/02/07/getting-married-in-germany-things-you-should-know/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Thu, 07 Feb 2008 11:17:00 +0000</pubDate>
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		<description><![CDATA[Normally the requirements for non-German citizens to be married in Germany are numerous and can be difficult to meet. The concept of the quick legal marriage as found in Las Vegas is not available in Germany. The best solution to avoiding problems is to have a professional wedding agency arrange the wedding, as they should [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div id="body">Normally the requirements for non-German citizens to be married in Germany are numerous and can be difficult to meet. The concept of the quick legal marriage as found in Las Vegas is not available in Germany. The best solution to avoiding problems is to have a professional wedding agency arrange the wedding, as they should be aware of all the German requirements. Here are some guidelines for you to follow:</p>
<p>Local Requirements  Check with the American and German embassies for local requirements.</p>
<p>Official Documents Needed in Germany Have your passports with you at the ceremony. You will need a long form of your birth certificate - the one with your parent&#8217;s names. Have in your possession divorce decrees, annulment decrees, or death certificates if any are pertinent.</p>
<p>Ledigkeitbescheinigung This is a certificate that states there are no impediments to the marriage as both the bride and groom are single. (Ledigkeit - Single) (Bescheinigung - Certificate).</p>
<p>Earnings and Bank Statements The fee for the marriage is commensurate to your financial status. Also, while not required, both the bride and groom may want to see each others documents before the ceremony!</p>
<p>Only Civil Weddings Are Legal The couple must apply to one of four alien registry offices before a Standesamte can perform the ceremony. Religious ceremonies can only be performed after a civil ceremony. Unlike in the United States, you cannot simply get married in a church and be legally married. You must first get married at the registrar&#8217;s office and then you can have your church wedding later. Don&#8217;t be alarmed though - many of these offices are decorated nicely with flowers and warm atmospheres. Don&#8217;t expect to find stained glass and religious themes as they try to keep things as neutral as possible.</p>
<p>One piece of advice:  Remember that the ceremony will be in German so it may be handy to have a translator with you.</p>
<p>An Alternative if the requirements for a wedding in Germany seem to be burdensome, consider a three-week vacation in Germany. Select an unforgettable location and record the proposal on film.</div>
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		<title>Using Your Cell Phone in Germany</title>
		<link>http://germany-destination.com/news/2008/02/07/using-your-cell-phone-in-germany/</link>
		<comments>http://germany-destination.com/news/2008/02/07/using-your-cell-phone-in-germany/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Thu, 07 Feb 2008 11:15:04 +0000</pubDate>
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		<description><![CDATA[Is my cell phone Tri-Band? To find out if your phone is Tri-Band you need to contact your cell phone manufacturer, dealer or just refer to your user manual. Once you identify that your cell phone is Tri-Band you must find out if you need a separate SIM card. To find out if you need [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div id="body">Is my cell phone Tri-Band? To find out if your phone is Tri-Band you need to contact your cell phone manufacturer, dealer or just refer to your user manual. Once you identify that your cell phone is Tri-Band you must find out if you need a separate SIM card. To find out if you need a separate SIM card for use in Germany once again you would need to speak with either the cell phone manufacturer or dealer. Most cell phones are able to send and receive text messages whether they are Tri-Band or not.</p>
<p>If you know that your phone will work in Germany you should find out how much you will have to pay to use it, it can be expensive if it is not a German phone. If you plan to stay in Germany for two weeks or more it may be in your best interest to just buy the cheapest cell-phone that runs off of pre-paid cards you can find. You should be able to find one for around 50 EUR at most phone shops, ie. Telekom, With a pre-paid phone you can use a normal long distance calling card by dialing 0800callatt and reach back home for a reasonable rate.</p>
<p>One good thing about cell-phone use in Germany is that you are not charged for incoming calls. If your friend back home has a good rate to call Germany, have him/her call you and you will not have to pay a penny.</p>
<p>In the very worse case scenario, if you have an emergency, you can contact the police at any time with any cell-phone, with or without a SIM card by just dialing 110. All phone service providers are configured to transmit the signal dialed from 110 even if your phone is not activated and/or does not have a card.</div>
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		<title>Autumn In Germany Is A Festival Time</title>
		<link>http://germany-destination.com/news/2008/02/07/autumn-in-germany-is-a-festival-time/</link>
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		<pubDate>Thu, 07 Feb 2008 11:14:26 +0000</pubDate>
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		<description><![CDATA[Besides the famous Octoberfest which is being held in Munich from the 22 of September till the 7 of October, Germany can offer its tourists a long range of less promoted but not less interesting fall festivals.
So the beer festival is being held in Berlin for the 57th time. It starts on the 28th of [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div id="body">Besides the famous Octoberfest which is being held in Munich from the 22 of September till the 7 of October, Germany can offer its tourists a long range of less promoted but not less interesting fall festivals.</p>
<p>So the beer festival is being held in Berlin for the 57th time. It starts on the 28th of September and finishes on the 14th of October. At Ara, Mozel and Rein this period is a time of grape gathering and young wine festivals. These festivals attract to the regions not only German but also foreign tourists. The festival “culinary fall at the Lane river” is considered one of the most colorful one and it is held within a month: from the 1st till the 31st of October. Here at the “Limburg-on-Lane” is possible to taste Hessen wines and local food of this federal place.</p>
<p>From the 2nd till the 15th of October in Neustadt (Reynald-Pfalz) is being held the main German festival of wine.</p>
<p>But in Weymar situated in Thuringen the 354 onion market – the biggest national festival of the region will be held from the 12th till the 14th of October.</p>
<p>From the 19th of October till the 4th of November is being held the most ancient festival of Germany - the Bremen market. First time it took place 950 years ago and is considered the most national celebration of the southern Germany.</p>
<p>Germany is not the only European country where in Autumn a lot of festivals and celebrations are held. This is actually a strong touristic season for this country.</div>
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		<title>Travel To Germany</title>
		<link>http://germany-destination.com/news/2008/02/07/travel-to-germany/</link>
		<comments>http://germany-destination.com/news/2008/02/07/travel-to-germany/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Thu, 07 Feb 2008 11:13:28 +0000</pubDate>
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	<category>articles</category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://germany-destination.com/news/2008/02/07/travel-to-germany/</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Germany is located in central Europe and stretches from the Alps in the south up to the North Sea in the North. It is bordered by Austria and Switzerland in the south; Poland and the Czech Republic in the east; France, Luxembourg, Belgium and the Netherlands in the west; and Denmark in the North.
With some [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div id="body">Germany is located in central Europe and stretches from the Alps in the south up to the North Sea in the North. It is bordered by Austria and Switzerland in the south; Poland and the Czech Republic in the east; France, Luxembourg, Belgium and the Netherlands in the west; and Denmark in the North.</p>
<p>With some of the largest cities in Europe, Germany offers all travellers a unique experience.</p>
<p>The south of Germany is ideal for the outdoor and adventure type. Within Germany’s border lies a portion of the Alps’ Mountain range; two of Europe’s largest rivers: the Rhine and the Danube; and the scenic Black Forest.</p>
<p>In any of Germany‘s cities a relaxing holiday can be enjoyed at any time of the year. Their large cities are ideal for shoppers. Weekly markets are held in all towns and the Christmas markets usually start at the end of November.</p>
<p>The currency of Germany is the Euro, and visitors from outside the EU zone are entitled to a VAT refund on any non-edible goods that are bought in German shops.</p>
<p>The German people are known for their efficiency, and this is reflected right through their transport system. Their rail system is first class and makes travelling from city to city a true pleasure. Most of the large German cities have an underground rail system with a frequent snappy service.</p>
<p>The climate of Germany differs - in the east the summers are very warm and the winter months are very cold. In the north the weather is very cool during the summer and the winters stay mild.</p>
<p>Autumn is the most popular time to travel to Germany. Most German cities hold culture festivals during September and October. If you travel to Germany during the month of October make sure you visit the city of Munich - here you can experience the largest beer festival in the world and sample some of the best beers that are brewed in Germany.</p>
<p>Music festivals are normally held during the summer and autumn months. Special music festivals are held yearly for famous composers. For Beethoven the festival is normally held in Bonn and in the state of Thuringia a festival is normally held for Bach.</p>
<p>Winter holidays are extremely enjoyable in Bavaria, the largest of Germany’s 16 states, where you can enjoy a skiing break in the Alps and the Black Forest.</p>
<p>With over 2000 museums, Germany has a rich culture in art and literature. Eight Germans have won the Nobel Prize for literature. The month of October also holds another large festival - in the second week of October, Frankfurt holds the largest book fair in the world which attracts writers and publishers from all parts of the globe.</p>
<p>So if you are travelling to Germany you have 14 international airports to choose from - where connecting flights can be made to most German cities.</div>
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		<title>Germany Castles - A Unique Tourism Attraction</title>
		<link>http://germany-destination.com/news/2008/02/07/germany-castles-a-unique-tourism-attraction/</link>
		<comments>http://germany-destination.com/news/2008/02/07/germany-castles-a-unique-tourism-attraction/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Thu, 07 Feb 2008 11:10:56 +0000</pubDate>
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	<category>articles</category>
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		<description><![CDATA[To say which castle is the most significant or has the most history is difficult to say because each has its own story and its own features. However, there are certain castles that are more recognizable by tourists around the world. One of the better-known castles in Germany is Neuschwanstein.
Neuschwanstein is very familiar to many [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div id="body">To say which castle is the most significant or has the most history is difficult to say because each has its own story and its own features. However, there are certain castles that are more recognizable by tourists around the world. One of the better-known castles in Germany is Neuschwanstein.</p>
<p>Neuschwanstein is very familiar to many people because the Sleeping Beauty castle in Disneyland is modeled from it. This castle was begun in 1869 only to be left unfinished in 1886 because of the death of Louis II of Bavaria. It was built as the most famous of three royal palaces in the Bavarian Alps of Germany.</p>
<p>One of the most significant features about this castle is how ahead of its time it was. It had running water on all floors, toilets that were equipped with automatic flushing and a warm heating system for the entire building. Aside from that, it is a beautiful masterpiece that sits on a high point above the Pollat River Gorge for a spectacular viewing.</p>
<p>Another magnificent castle in South Germany is Hohenzollern Castle. For a thousand years, this castle has been the ancestral seat of the House of Hohenzollern, which produced the last emperors of Germany. The castle offers amazing panoramic views of the Swabian Alb and is one of the most beautiful and most popular castles in Germany. It plays host to a wide array of tourist events including concerts, theatres, weddings and more.</p>
<p>If you travel to West Germany you can find the only hilltop castle on the Rhein still existent, Marksburg. This castle has some buildings dating from the 13th to the 18th century consisting of several groups of buildings, ramparts and more all sitting atop a rocky cliff overlooking the river. The museum is breathtaking inside and other tourist events include wedding celebrations, concerts and special events.</p>
<p>Lastly, in North Germany Schwerin Castle set the benchmark for historicist architecture in Europe. The current building was constructed from 1845 to 1857, but still contains older wings. The inside is filled with antique sculptures and paintings, and the museum contains exquisite art objects, paintings, sculptures and more.</p>
<p>Although there are far more castles in South Germany, all throughout Germany contains historical castles worth taking time to visit. The castles throughout Germany are one of the key factors for the amount of tourism that Germany receives, and it is well deserved. All that is left now is for you to take a look at history yourself and plan a trip to Germany.</div>
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		<title>Emigrate From Germany</title>
		<link>http://germany-destination.com/news/2008/02/07/emigrate-from-germany/</link>
		<comments>http://germany-destination.com/news/2008/02/07/emigrate-from-germany/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Thu, 07 Feb 2008 11:08:48 +0000</pubDate>
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	<category>articles</category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://germany-destination.com/news/2008/02/07/emigrate-from-germany/</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Nowadays about 150,000 people per year leave Germany to start a new life in another land. What they arrange for this decision is very different. Often it deals something with their workplace. In some branches the German terms of employment are very bad, compared with other countries. A good example is the situation of the [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div id="body">Nowadays about 150,000 people per year leave Germany to start a new life in another land. What they arrange for this decision is very different. Often it deals something with their workplace. In some branches the German terms of employment are very bad, compared with other countries. A good example is the situation of the doctors. It`s hard to be a doctor in Germany. This means much work and a very small income. Nevertheless, many people in Germany have no work and - if they think of their future - also hardly perspectives in their field. They don`t know what to do. The last possibility is to look for international place offers. This seems to be a good idea. German manpower has a very good call in some countries. Many people believe that Germans are punctual and industrious.</p>
<p>Some Germans just search the big adventure in the distance. Others are dissatisfied with political decisions in Germany, the cold and rainy weather or simply the kind of living in Germany. However an emigration should be well prepared. It`s not as easy as it seems to be. Often it takes some time, till someone gets a job in the new country. Many Germans have to come back, because they have not enough money for the beginning. Good chances have pensioners, because of their regular income.</div>
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		<title>DEPENDENCIES - BIBLIOGRAPHY</title>
		<link>http://germany-destination.com/news/2007/06/13/dependencies-bibliography/</link>
		<comments>http://germany-destination.com/news/2007/06/13/dependencies-bibliography/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Wed, 13 Jun 2007 19:25:42 +0000</pubDate>
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	<category>About Germany</category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://germany-destination.com/news/2007/06/13/dependencies-bibliography/</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[DEPENDENCIES 
  
Germany has no territories or colonies. 
  
BIBLIOGRAPHY 
  
Annesley, Claire (ed.). A Political and Economic Dictionary of Western 
Europe. Philadelphia: Routledge/Taylor and Francis, 2005. 
Berg-Schlosser, Dirk and Ralf Rytlewski (eds.). Political Culture in 
Germany. New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1993. 
Briel, Holger (ed.). German Culture and Society: Th e Essential 
Glossary. London: Arnold, 2002. 
Bullock, Alan Louis Charles. Hitler and Stalin: Parallel Lives. London: 
Harper-Collins, [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><strong><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB">DEPENDENCIES </p>
<p></span></strong><strong><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB">  </p>
<p></span></strong><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB">Germany has no territories or colonies. </p>
<p></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB">  </p>
<p></span><strong><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB">BIBLIOGRAPHY </p>
<p></span></strong><strong><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB">  </p>
<p></span></strong><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB">Annesley, Claire (ed.). <em>A Political and Economic Dictionary of Western </p>
<p></em></span><em><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB">Europe</span></em><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB">. Philadelphia: Routledge/Taylor and Francis, 2005. </p>
<p></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB">Berg-Schlosser, Dirk and Ralf Rytlewski (eds.). <em>Political Culture in </p>
<p></em></span><em><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB">Germany</span></em><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB">. New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1993. </p>
<p></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB">Briel, Holger (ed.). <em>German Culture and Society: Th e Essential </p>
<p></em></span><em><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB">Glossary. </span></em><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB">London: Arnold, 2002. </p>
<p></span><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.5pt; mso-ansi-language: FR">Bullock, Alan Louis Charles. </span><em><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB">Hitler and Stalin: Parallel Lives</span></em><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB">. London: </p>
<p></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB">Harper-Collins, 1991. </p>
<p></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB">Eckhart, Karl, et al. (eds.). <em>Social, Economic and Cultural Aspects </p>
<p></em></span><em><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB">in the Dynamic Changing Process of Old Industrial Regions:</span></em><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB"> </p>
<p></span><em><span lang="IT" style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.5pt; mso-ansi-language: IT">Ruhr District (Germany), Upper Silesia (Poland), Ostrava Region </p>
<p></span></em><em><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB">(Czech Republic)</span></em><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB">. Piscataway, N.J.: Transaction Publishers, 2003. </p>
<p></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB">Gortemaker, Manfred. <em>Unifying Germany, 1989–1990</em>. New York: </p>
<p></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB">St. Martin’s Press, 1994. </p>
<p></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB">Hiden, John. <em>Republican and Fascist Germany: Th emes and Variations </p>
<p></em></span><em><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB">in the History of Weimar and the Th ird Reich, 1918–45</span></em><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB">. New </p>
<p></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB">York: Longman, 1996. </p>
<p></span><em><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB">International Smoking Statistics: A Collection of Historical Data </p>
<p></span></em><em><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB">from 30 Economically Developed Countries</span></em><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB">. New York: Oxford </p>
<p></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB">University Press, 2002. </p>
<p></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB">Mitcham, Samuel W. <em>Retreat to the Reich: Th e German Defeat in </p>
<p></em></span><em><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB">France, 1944. </span></em><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB">Westport, Conn.: Praeger, 2000. </p>
<p></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB">Sarkar, Saral K. <em>Green-alternative Politics in West Germany</em>. New </p>
<p></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB">York: United Nations University Press, 1993. </p>
<p></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB">Shirer, William L. <em>Th e Rise and Fall of the Th ird Reich</em>. New York: </p>
<p></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB">Simon and Schuster, 1960. </p>
<p></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB">Summers, Randal W., and Allan M. Hoff man (ed.). <em>Domestic Violence: </p>
<p></em></span><em><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB">A Global View</span></em><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB">. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 2002. </p>
<p></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB">Tipton, Frank B. <em>A History of Modern Germany Since 1815</em>. Berkeley: </p>
<p></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB">University of California Press, 2003. </p>
<p></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB">Verhey, Jeff rey. <em>Th e Spirit of 1914: Militarism, Myth and Mobilization </p>
<p></em></span><em><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB">in Germany</span></em><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB">. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2000. </p>
<p></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB">Vogt, Henri. <em>Between Utopia and Disillusionment: A Narrative </p>
<p></em></span><em><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB">of the Political Transformation in Eastern Europe</span></em><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB">. New York: </p>
<p></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB">Berghahn Books, 2004. </p>
<p></span><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.5pt">Wessels, Wolfgang, Andreas Maurer, and Jürgan Mittag (eds.). </span><em><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB">Fifteen </p>
<p></span></em><em><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB">into One?: the European Union and Its Member States</span></em><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB">. New </p>
<p></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: DE; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">York: Palgrave, 2003.</span>
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		<title>Scholars and Leaders</title>
		<link>http://germany-destination.com/news/2007/06/13/scholars-and-leaders/</link>
		<comments>http://germany-destination.com/news/2007/06/13/scholars-and-leaders/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Wed, 13 Jun 2007 19:24:00 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>info</dc:creator>
		
	<category>About Germany</category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://germany-destination.com/news/2007/06/13/scholars-and-leaders/</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[German infl uence on Western thought can be traced back at least 
as far as the 13th century, to the great scholastic philosopher, naturalist, 
and theologian Albertus Magnus (Albert von Bollstädt, 
d.1280) and the mystic philosopher Meister Eckhart (1260?– 
1327?). Philipp Melanchthon (Schwartzerd, 1497–1560) was a 
scholar and religious reformer. Gottfried Wilhelm von Leibniz 
(1646–1716) was an outstanding philosopher, theologian, mathematician, 
and [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB">German infl uence on Western thought can be traced back at least </p>
<p></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB">as far as the 13th century, to the great scholastic philosopher, naturalist, </p>
<p></span><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.5pt">and theologian Albertus Magnus (Albert von Bollstädt, </p>
<p></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB">d.1280) and the mystic philosopher Meister Eckhart (1260?– </p>
<p></span><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.5pt">1327?). Philipp Melanchthon (Schwartzerd, 1497–1560) was a </p>
<p></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB">scholar and religious reformer. </span><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.5pt">Gottfried Wilhelm von Leibniz </p>
<p></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB">(1646–1716) was an outstanding philosopher, theologian, mathematician, </p>
<p></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB">and natural scientist. Th e next two centuries were </p>
<p></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB">dominated by the ideas of Immanuel Kant (1724–1804), Moses </p>
<p></span><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.5pt">Mendelssohn (1729–86), Johann Gottlieb Fichte (1762–1814), </p>
<p></span><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.5pt">Friedrich Ernst Daniel Schleiermacher (1768–1834), Georg Wilhelm </p>
<p></span><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.5pt">Friedrich Hegel (1770–1831), Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph </p>
<p></span><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.5pt">von Schelling (1775–1854), Arthur Schopenhauer (1788–1860), </p>
<p></span><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.5pt">Ludwig Andreas Feuerbach (1804–72), Karl Marx (1818–83), </p>
<p></span><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.5pt">Friedrich Engels (1820–95), and Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche </p>
<p></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB">(1844–1900). In the 20th century, Edmund Husserl (1859–1938), </p>
<p></span><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.5pt">Oswald Spengler (1880–1936), Karl Jaspers (1883–1969), Martin </p>
<p></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB">Heidegger (1889–1976), and Hans-Georg Gadamer (1900–2002) </p>
<p></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB">are highly regarded. Figures of the Frankfurt School of social and </p>
<p></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB">political philosophy include Th eodor Adorno (1903–1969), Max </p>
<p></span><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.5pt">Horkheimer (1895–1973), Walter Benjamin (1892–1940), Herbert </p>
<p></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB">Marcuse (1898–1979), and Jürgen Habermas (b.1929). Political </p>
<p></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB">theorist Hannah Arendt (1906–1975) is also highly regarded, </p>
<p></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB">as is Carl Schmitt (1888–1985). One of the founders of modern </p>
<p></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB">Biblical scholarship was Julius Wellhausen (1844–1918). Franz </p>
<p></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB">Rosenzweig (1886–1929) was one of the most infl uential modern </p>
<p></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB">Jewish religious thinkers, as was Gershom Scholem (1897–1982). </p>
<p></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB">Among the most famous German scientists are Johann Rudolf </p>
<p></span><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.5pt">Glauber (1694–1768), Justus von Liebig (1803–73), Robert Wilhelm </p>
<p></span><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.5pt">Bunsen (1811–99), and Nobel Prize winners Hermann Emil </p>
<p></span><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.5pt">Fischer (1852–1919), Adolf von Baeyer (1835–1917), Eduard Buchner </p>
<p></span><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.5pt">(1860–1917), Wilhelm Ostwald (1853–1932), Otto Wallach </p>
<p></span><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.5pt">(1847–1931), Richard Martin Willstätter (1872–1942), Fritz Haber </p>
<p></span><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.5pt">(1868–1934), Walther Nernst (b.Poland, 1864–1941), Heinrich </p>
<p></span><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.5pt">Otto Wieland (1877–1957), Adolf Otto Reinhold Windaus (1876– </p>
<p></span><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.5pt">1959), Carl Bosch (1874–1940), Friedrich Bergius (1884–1949), </p>
<p></span><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.5pt">Otto Hahn (1879–1968), Hans Fischer (1881–1945), Friedrich </p>
<p></span><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.5pt">Bergius (1884–1949), Georg Wittig (1897–1987), Adolf Butenandt </p>
<p></span><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.5pt">(1903–1995), Otto Diels (1876–1954), Kurt Alder (1902–58), Hermann </p>
<p></span><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.5pt">Staudinger (1881–1965), Karl Ziegler (1898–1973), Manfred </p>
<p></span><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.5pt">Eigen (b.1927), Ernst Otto Fischer (b.1918), Johann Deisenhofer</span><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial"> </p>
<p></span><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.5pt">(b.1943), Robert Huber (b.1937), and Hartmut Michel (b.1948) </p>
<p></span><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.5pt">in chemistry; Karl Friedrich Gauss (1777–1855), Georg Simon </p>
<p></span><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.5pt">Ohm (1787–1854), Hermann Ludwig Ferdinand von Helmholtz </p>
<p></span><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.5pt">(1821–94), Heinrich Rudolf Hertz (1857–1894), and Nobel Prize </p>
<p></span><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.5pt">winners Wilhelm Konrad Röntgen (1845–1923), Max Karl Ernst </p>
<p></span><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.5pt">Ludwig Planck (1858–1947), Albert Einstein (1879–1955), Gustav </p>
<p></span><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.5pt">Ludwig Hertz (1887–1975), Werner Heisenberg (1901–76), Walter </p>
<p></span><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.5pt">Bothe (1891–1957), Carl-Friedrich von Weizsäcker (b.1912), </p>
<p></span><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.5pt">Rudolf Mössbauer (b.1929), Hans Bethe (1906–2005), Klaus </p>
<p></span><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.5pt">von Klitzing (b.1943), Ernst Ruska (1906–1988), Gerd Binnig </p>
<p></span><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.5pt">(b.1947), Johannes Georg Bednorz (b.1950), Hans Georg Dehmelt </p>
<p></span><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.5pt">(b.Germany, 1922), Wolfgang Paul (1913–1993), Wolfgang Ketterle </p>
<p></span><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.5pt">(b.1957), and Th eodor Wolfgang Hänsch (b.1941) in physics; </p>
<p></span><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.5pt">Rudolf Virchow (1821–1902), August von Wassermann (1866– </p>
<p></span><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.5pt">1925), and Nobel Prize winners Robert Koch (1843–1910), Paul </p>
<p></span><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.5pt">Ehrlich (1854–1915), Emil von Behring (1854–1917), Otto H. </p>
<p></span><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.5pt">Warburg (1883–1970), Konrad Lorenz (Austria, 1903–89), Konrad </p>
<p></span><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.5pt">Emil Bloch (1912–2000), Feodor Felix Konrad Lynen (1911– </p>
<p></span><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.5pt">1979), Max Delbrück (b.Germany 1906–1981), Sir Bernard Katz </p>
<p></span><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.5pt">(b.Germany 1911–2003), Georges Jean Franz Köhler (1946– </p>
<p></span><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.5pt">1995), Erwin Neher (b.1944), Bert Sakmann (b.1942), Christiane </p>
<p></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB">Nüsslein-Volhard (b.1942), and Günter Blobel (b.1936), in physiology </p>
<p></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB">or medicine; earth scientists Alexander von Humboldt </p>
<p></span><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.5pt">(1769–1859) and Karl Ernst Richter (1795–1863); and mathematician </p>
<p></span><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.5pt">Georg Friedrich Bernhard Riemann (1826–66). </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB">Notable </p>
<p></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB">among German inventors and engineers are Gabriel Daniel </p>
<p></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB">Fahrenheit (1686–1736), developer of the thermometer; Gottlieb </p>
<p></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB">Daimler (1834–1900), Rudolf Diesel (b.Paris, 1858–1913), and Felix </p>
<p></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB">Wankel (1902–88), developers of the internal combustion engine; </p>
<p></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB">airship builder Count Ferdinand von Zeppelin (1838–1917); </p>
<p></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB">and rocketry pioneer Wernher von Braun (1912–77). Leading social </p>
<p></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB">scientists, in addition to Marx and Engels, were the historians </p>
<p></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB">Leopold von Ranke (1795–1886) and Th eodor Mommsen (1817– </p>
<p></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB">1903), Nobel Prize winner in literature; the political economist </p>
<p></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB">Georg Friedrich List (1789–1846); the sociologists Georg Simmel </p>
<p></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB">(1858–1918) and Max Weber (1864–1920); and the German-born </p>
<p></span><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.5pt">anthropologist Franz Boas (1858–1942). </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB">Johann Joachim Winckelmann </p>
<p></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB">(1717–68) founded the scientifi c study of classical art and </p>
<p></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB">archaeology. Heinrich Schliemann (1822–90) uncovered the remains </p>
<p></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB">of ancient Troy, Mycenae, and Tiryns; Wilhelm Dörpfeld </p>
<p></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB">(1853–1940) continued his work. </p>
<p></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB">Outstanding fi gures in German political history are the Holy </p>
<p></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB">Roman emperors Otto I (the Great, 912–973), Frederick I (Barbarossa, </p>
<p></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB">1123–90), Frederick II (1194–1250), and Spanish-born </p>
<p></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB">Charles V (1500–58); Frederick William (1620–88), the “great </p>
<p></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB">elector” of Brandenburg; his great-grandson Frederick II (the </p>
<p></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB">Great, 1712–86), regarded as the most brilliant soldier and statesman </p>
<p></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB">of his age; Otto Eduard Leopold von Bismarck (1815–98), the </p>
<p></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB">Prussian statesman who made German unity possible; Austrianborn </p>
<p></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB">Adolf Hitler (1889–1945), founder of Nazism and dictator </p>
<p></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB">of Germany (1933–45); and Konrad Adenauer (1876–1967), FRG </p>
<p></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB">chancellor (1948–63). </span><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.5pt">Walter Ernst Karl Ulbricht (1893–1973), </p>
<p></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB">chairman of the Council of State (1960–73), and leader of the SED </p>
<p></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB">from 1950 to 1971, was the dominant political fi gure in the GDR </p>
<p></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB">until his death in 1973. Erich Honecker (1912–94) became fi rst </p>
<p></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB">secretary of the SED in 1971 and was chairman of the Council of </p>
<p></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB">State and SED general secretary from 1976 until the FRG and GDR </p>
<p></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB">merged in 1990. Willi Stoph (1914–1999), a member of the Polit</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB"> </p>
<p></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB">buro since 1953, served as chairman of the Council of Ministers in </p>
<p></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB">1964–73 and again from 1976 on. Willy Brandt (1913–1992), FRG </p>
<p></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB">chancellor (1969–74) won the Nobel Peace Prize for his policy of </p>
<p></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB">Ostpolitik. Other Nobel Peace Prize winners were Ludwig Quidde </p>
<p></span><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.5pt">(1858–1941), Gustav Stresemann (1878–1929), Carl von Ossietzky </p>
<p></span><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.5pt">(1889–1938), and Albert Schweitzer (1875–1965). </p>
<p></span><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.5pt">Baron Friedrich Wilhelm Ludolf Gerhard Augustin von Steuben </p>
<p></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB">(1730–94) was a general in the American Revolution. Karl </p>
<p></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB">von Clausewitz (1780–1831) is one of the great names connected </p>
<p></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB">with the science of war. Important military leaders were Hellmuth </p>
<p></span><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.5pt">von Moltke (1800–1891); Gen. Paul von Hindenburg (1847–1934), </p>
<p></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB">who also served as president of the German Reich (1925–34); and </p>
<p></span><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.5pt">Gen. Erwin Rommel (1891–1944). </p>
<p></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB">Pope Benedict XVI (b.Joseph Alois Ratzinger, 1927) became the </p>
<p></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB">265th pope in 2005. He is the ninth German pope, the last being </p>
<p></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB">the Dutch-German Adrian VI (1522–1523). </p>
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